At least 24.5% of former NFL players who died from 2016 to 2021 had confirmed chronic traumatic encephalopathy, according to a new study published in The BMJ. π
Researchers reviewed 1,712 former players who died between 2008 and 2021 and examined 338 donated brains; 315 showed CTE. Because confirmation requires a post-mortem brain examination, the 24.5% figure is a minimum estimate rather than a measure of risk for every player. π§
The study found dementia was common among donors, and stage IV CTE was associated with a 44% higher risk of dementia after adjustment. Researchers also said dementia was not fully captured on death certificates.
The authors estimated the possible prevalence among players who died in 2016β21 could range from 24.5% to 97.7%, reflecting the uncertainty created by incomplete brain donation and autopsy data. Prevention efforts focus on reducing repeated head impacts, including in practices and earlier levels of football.