whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. Context…
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whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.
Context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack\_of\_Rome\_(410)#Third\_siege\_and\_sack https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#Third_siege_and_sack )
Honorius arranged for a meeting with Alaric about 12 kilometres outside of Ravenna. As Alaric waited at the meeting place, Sarus, who was a sworn enemy of Ataulf and now allied to Honorius, attacked Alaric and his men with a small Roman force.^(\[85\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press_1998_page_127-86)^(\[86\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Peter_Heather_2006_page_227-87 ) Peter Heather speculates Sarus had also lost the election for the kingship of the Goths to Alaric in the 390s.^(\[86\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Peter_Heather_2006_page_227-87 )
Alaric survived the attack and, outraged at this treachery and frustrated by all the past failures at accommodation, gave up on negotiating with Honorius and headed back to Rome, which he besieged for the third and final time.^(\[87\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Peter_Heather_2006_page_227-228-88 ) On 24 August 410 the Visigoths entered Rome through its Salarian Gate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salarian_Gate , according to some opened by treachery, according to others by want of food, and pillaged the city for three days.^(\[88\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-89)^(\[89\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-90 )
Many of the city's great buildings were ransacked, including the mausoleums https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum of Augustus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Augustus and Hadrian https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Hadrian , in which many emperors https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor of the past were buried; the ashes of the urns in both tombs were scattered.^(\[90\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-David_Stuttard_2010_page_126-91 ) Any and all moveable goods were stolen all over the city. Some of the few places the Goths spared were the two major basilicas connected to Peter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter and Paul https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul , though from the Lateran Palace https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateran_Palace they stole a massive, 2,025-pound silver ciborium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciborium_(architecture ) that had been a gift from Constantine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great.^(\[87\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Peter_Heather_2006_page_227-228-88 ) Structural damage to buildings was largely limited to the areas near the old Senate house and the Salarian Gate, where the Gardens of Sallust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardens_of_Sallust were burned and never rebuilt.^(\[91\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-92)^(\[92\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-93 ) The Basilica Aemilia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_Aemilia and the Basilica Julia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_Julia were also burned.^(\[93\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-94)^(\[94\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-95 )
The people of Rome were devastated. Many Romans were taken captive, including the Emperor's sister, Galla Placidia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galla_Placidia . Some citizens would be ransomed, others would be sold into slavery, and still others would be raped and killed.^(\[95\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-96 ) Pelagius https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagius , a Roman monk from Britain, survived the siege and wrote an account of the experience in a letter to a young woman named Demetrias.
This dismal calamity is but just over, and you yourself are a witness to how Rome that commanded the world was astonished at the alarm of the Gothic trumpet, when that barbarous and victorious nation stormed her walls, and made her way through the breach. Where were then the privileges of birth, and the distinctions of quality? Were not all ranks and degrees leveled at that time and promiscuously huddled together? Every house was then a scene of misery, and equally filled with grief and confusion. The slave and the man of quality were in the same circumstances, and everywhere the terror of death and slaughter was the same, unless we may say the fright made the greatest impression on those who had the greatest interest in living.^(\[96\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-97 )
Many Romans were tortured into revealing the locations of their valuables. One was the 85-year-old^(\[97\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-98 ) Saint Marcella https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Marcella , who had no hidden gold as she lived in pious poverty. She was a close friend of St. Jerome, and he detailed the incident in a letter to a woman named Principia who had been with Marcella during the sack.
When the soldiers entered \Marcella's house\] she is said to have received them without any look of alarm; and when they asked her for gold she pointed to her coarse dress to show them that she had no buried treasure. However they would not believe in her self-chosen poverty, but scourged her and beat her with cudgels. She is said to have felt no pain but to have thrown herself at their feet and to have pleaded with tears for you \[Principia\], that you might not be taken from her, or owing to your youth have to endure what she as an old woman had no occasion to fear. Christ softened their hard hearts and even among bloodstained swords natural affection asserted its rights. The barbarians conveyed both you and her to the basilica of the apostle Paul, that you might find there either a place of safety or, if not that, at least a tomb.[^(\[98\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-99 )
Marcella died of her injuries a few days later.^(\[99\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-100 )
The sack was nonetheless, by the standards of the age, restrained. There was no general slaughter or wholesale enslavement of the city's inhabitants and the two main basilicas of Peter and Paul were nominated places of sanctuary. Most of the buildings and monuments in the city survived intact, though stripped of their valuables.^(\[87\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Peter_Heather_2006_page_227-228-88)^(\[90\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-David_Stuttard_2010_page_126-91 )
#history
Context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack\_of\_Rome\_(410)#Third\_siege\_and\_sack https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#Third_siege_and_sack )
Honorius arranged for a meeting with Alaric about 12 kilometres outside of Ravenna. As Alaric waited at the meeting place, Sarus, who was a sworn enemy of Ataulf and now allied to Honorius, attacked Alaric and his men with a small Roman force.^(\[85\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press_1998_page_127-86)^(\[86\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Peter_Heather_2006_page_227-87 ) Peter Heather speculates Sarus had also lost the election for the kingship of the Goths to Alaric in the 390s.^(\[86\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Peter_Heather_2006_page_227-87 )
Alaric survived the attack and, outraged at this treachery and frustrated by all the past failures at accommodation, gave up on negotiating with Honorius and headed back to Rome, which he besieged for the third and final time.^(\[87\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Peter_Heather_2006_page_227-228-88 ) On 24 August 410 the Visigoths entered Rome through its Salarian Gate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salarian_Gate , according to some opened by treachery, according to others by want of food, and pillaged the city for three days.^(\[88\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-89)^(\[89\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-90 )
Many of the city's great buildings were ransacked, including the mausoleums https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum of Augustus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Augustus and Hadrian https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Hadrian , in which many emperors https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor of the past were buried; the ashes of the urns in both tombs were scattered.^(\[90\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-David_Stuttard_2010_page_126-91 ) Any and all moveable goods were stolen all over the city. Some of the few places the Goths spared were the two major basilicas connected to Peter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter and Paul https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul , though from the Lateran Palace https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateran_Palace they stole a massive, 2,025-pound silver ciborium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciborium_(architecture ) that had been a gift from Constantine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great.^(\[87\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Peter_Heather_2006_page_227-228-88 ) Structural damage to buildings was largely limited to the areas near the old Senate house and the Salarian Gate, where the Gardens of Sallust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardens_of_Sallust were burned and never rebuilt.^(\[91\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-92)^(\[92\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-93 ) The Basilica Aemilia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_Aemilia and the Basilica Julia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_Julia were also burned.^(\[93\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-94)^(\[94\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-95 )
The people of Rome were devastated. Many Romans were taken captive, including the Emperor's sister, Galla Placidia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galla_Placidia . Some citizens would be ransomed, others would be sold into slavery, and still others would be raped and killed.^(\[95\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-96 ) Pelagius https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagius , a Roman monk from Britain, survived the siege and wrote an account of the experience in a letter to a young woman named Demetrias.
This dismal calamity is but just over, and you yourself are a witness to how Rome that commanded the world was astonished at the alarm of the Gothic trumpet, when that barbarous and victorious nation stormed her walls, and made her way through the breach. Where were then the privileges of birth, and the distinctions of quality? Were not all ranks and degrees leveled at that time and promiscuously huddled together? Every house was then a scene of misery, and equally filled with grief and confusion. The slave and the man of quality were in the same circumstances, and everywhere the terror of death and slaughter was the same, unless we may say the fright made the greatest impression on those who had the greatest interest in living.^(\[96\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-97 )
Many Romans were tortured into revealing the locations of their valuables. One was the 85-year-old^(\[97\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-98 ) Saint Marcella https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Marcella , who had no hidden gold as she lived in pious poverty. She was a close friend of St. Jerome, and he detailed the incident in a letter to a woman named Principia who had been with Marcella during the sack.
When the soldiers entered \Marcella's house\] she is said to have received them without any look of alarm; and when they asked her for gold she pointed to her coarse dress to show them that she had no buried treasure. However they would not believe in her self-chosen poverty, but scourged her and beat her with cudgels. She is said to have felt no pain but to have thrown herself at their feet and to have pleaded with tears for you \[Principia\], that you might not be taken from her, or owing to your youth have to endure what she as an old woman had no occasion to fear. Christ softened their hard hearts and even among bloodstained swords natural affection asserted its rights. The barbarians conveyed both you and her to the basilica of the apostle Paul, that you might find there either a place of safety or, if not that, at least a tomb.[^(\[98\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-99 )
Marcella died of her injuries a few days later.^(\[99\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-100 )
The sack was nonetheless, by the standards of the age, restrained. There was no general slaughter or wholesale enslavement of the city's inhabitants and the two main basilicas of Peter and Paul were nominated places of sanctuary. Most of the buildings and monuments in the city survived intact, though stripped of their valuables.^(\[87\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-Peter_Heather_2006_page_227-228-88)^(\[90\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(410#cite_note-David_Stuttard_2010_page_126-91 )
#history
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