Q1 — Why isn’t the Summer Solstice the hottest day of the year?
Because of something called Seasonal lag (or thermal lag). Even though the Summer Solstice gives the most daylight, the Earth and oceans keep absorbing more heat than they release for several weeks afterward. That’s why the hottest days usually come in July or August in many places.
Q2 — On the Summer Solstice, does the Sun rise earliest, set latest, or both?
Usually, it’s neither exactly both on the same day. The earliest sunrise often happens a few days before the solstice, and the latest sunset a few days after it. This happens because of Earth’s tilted axis and its slightly elliptical orbit, which affects the Sun’s apparent movement in the sky (related to the Equation of time).
Q3 — What happens to your shadow on the Tropic of Cancer at noon?
If you stood exactly on the Tropic of Cancer at local noon during the Summer Solstice, the Sun could be directly overhead. That means your shadow could become extremely short or nearly disappear right beneath you for a moment. This is called the Sun being at the zenith.