What a generation to be born in to Context…
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What a generation to be born in to
Context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great\_Leap\_Forward https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward
The **Great Leap Forward** was an industrialization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialization campaign within China https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China from 1958 to 1962, initiated by Mao Zedong https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong , chairman of the Chinese Communist Party https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party , whose goal was to transform the country from an agrarian society https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrarian_society to an industrialized society https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialized_society through the formation of people's communes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_commune . The Great Leap Forward led to between 15 and 55 million deaths in mainland China during the 1959–1961 Great Chinese Famine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine it caused, making it the largest or second-largest famine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_famines^(\[1\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-1 in human history.^(\[2\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-2^(\[3\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-3^(\[4\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-Hasell2013-4^(\[5\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-5
The Great Leap Forward grew out of Mao's push for rapid development through mass mobilization and a reaction against the Soviet development strategy. Anti-intellectual https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-intellectualism politics and the surge of less-educated radicals helped sideline technical constraints and dissent.^(\[6\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberthal2003103-6 The strategy relied on mobilizing peasants to sustain themselves while supplying grain, cash crops, and even steel for urban industry, without major new state investment.^(\[7\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberthal2003103–104-7 Famine worsened when procurement quotas were set using false reports from the countryside.^(\[8\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberthal2003193–194-8 After the 1959 Lushan Conference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushan_Conference , anti-"rightist" campaigns intensified misreporting and coercive collection even as output fell, deepening rural famine.^(\[9\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberthal2003108–109-9
In rural China, the campaign expanded mandatory collectivization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_farming and banned private farming; those who resisted were punished as "counterrevolutionaries https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_to_Suppress_Counterrevolutionaries ". Authorities enforced restrictions through public struggle sessions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struggle_session , social pressure, and forced labor.^(\[10\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-Mirsky2009-10 Although rural industrialization was an official priority, its development was derailed by Great Leap policies.^(\[11\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991506-11 Economist Dwight Perkins https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_H._Perkins_(economist ) argues that heavy investment produced little gain, calling the Great Leap Forward an expensive disaster.^(\[12\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991483,_486-12
The CCP studied the damage that was done at various conferences from 1960 to 1962, especially at the Seven Thousand Cadres Conference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Thousand_Cadres_Conference in 1962, during which Mao Zedong ceded day-to-day leadership to pragmatic moderates like Chinese President Liu Shaoqi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Shaoqi and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping.^(\[13\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-13^(\[14\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-Columbia_University-14^(\[15\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-CNLaw&Govt1996-15 In the early 1960s, Mao endorsed a period of economic "readjustment" and acknowledged responsibility for mistakes, while maintaining that the "three red flags https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Red_Banners " could not be challenged.^(\[15\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-CNLaw&Govt1996-15
From 1961 to 1965, official propaganda portrayed Mao as virtually infallible and shifted blame for the Great Leap Forward disaster onto lower-level officials.^(\[16\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberthal2003114-16 He initiated the Socialist Education Movement https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Education_Movement in 1963 and the Cultural Revolution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution in 1966 in order to remove opposition and re-consolidate his power.^(\[15\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-CNLaw&Govt1996-15 Dozens of dams constructed during the Great Leap Forward in Zhumadian, Henan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhumadian collapsed in 1975 (under the influence of Typhoon Nina https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Nina_(1975 )) and resulted in the 1975 Banqiao Dam failure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Banqiao_Dam_failure , with estimates of its death toll ranging from tens of thousands to 240,000.^(\[17\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-17^(\[18\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-18
#history
Context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great\_Leap\_Forward https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward
The **Great Leap Forward** was an industrialization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialization campaign within China https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China from 1958 to 1962, initiated by Mao Zedong https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong , chairman of the Chinese Communist Party https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party , whose goal was to transform the country from an agrarian society https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrarian_society to an industrialized society https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialized_society through the formation of people's communes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_commune . The Great Leap Forward led to between 15 and 55 million deaths in mainland China during the 1959–1961 Great Chinese Famine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine it caused, making it the largest or second-largest famine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_famines^(\[1\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-1 in human history.^(\[2\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-2^(\[3\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-3^(\[4\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-Hasell2013-4^(\[5\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-5
The Great Leap Forward grew out of Mao's push for rapid development through mass mobilization and a reaction against the Soviet development strategy. Anti-intellectual https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-intellectualism politics and the surge of less-educated radicals helped sideline technical constraints and dissent.^(\[6\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberthal2003103-6 The strategy relied on mobilizing peasants to sustain themselves while supplying grain, cash crops, and even steel for urban industry, without major new state investment.^(\[7\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberthal2003103–104-7 Famine worsened when procurement quotas were set using false reports from the countryside.^(\[8\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberthal2003193–194-8 After the 1959 Lushan Conference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lushan_Conference , anti-"rightist" campaigns intensified misreporting and coercive collection even as output fell, deepening rural famine.^(\[9\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberthal2003108–109-9
In rural China, the campaign expanded mandatory collectivization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_farming and banned private farming; those who resisted were punished as "counterrevolutionaries https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_to_Suppress_Counterrevolutionaries ". Authorities enforced restrictions through public struggle sessions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struggle_session , social pressure, and forced labor.^(\[10\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-Mirsky2009-10 Although rural industrialization was an official priority, its development was derailed by Great Leap policies.^(\[11\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991506-11 Economist Dwight Perkins https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_H._Perkins_(economist ) argues that heavy investment produced little gain, calling the Great Leap Forward an expensive disaster.^(\[12\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerkins1991483,_486-12
The CCP studied the damage that was done at various conferences from 1960 to 1962, especially at the Seven Thousand Cadres Conference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Thousand_Cadres_Conference in 1962, during which Mao Zedong ceded day-to-day leadership to pragmatic moderates like Chinese President Liu Shaoqi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Shaoqi and Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping.^(\[13\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-13^(\[14\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-Columbia_University-14^(\[15\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-CNLaw&Govt1996-15 In the early 1960s, Mao endorsed a period of economic "readjustment" and acknowledged responsibility for mistakes, while maintaining that the "three red flags https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Red_Banners " could not be challenged.^(\[15\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-CNLaw&Govt1996-15
From 1961 to 1965, official propaganda portrayed Mao as virtually infallible and shifted blame for the Great Leap Forward disaster onto lower-level officials.^(\[16\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-FOOTNOTELieberthal2003114-16 He initiated the Socialist Education Movement https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Education_Movement in 1963 and the Cultural Revolution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution in 1966 in order to remove opposition and re-consolidate his power.^(\[15\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-CNLaw&Govt1996-15 Dozens of dams constructed during the Great Leap Forward in Zhumadian, Henan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhumadian collapsed in 1975 (under the influence of Typhoon Nina https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Nina_(1975 )) and resulted in the 1975 Banqiao Dam failure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Banqiao_Dam_failure , with estimates of its death toll ranging from tens of thousands to 240,000.^(\[17\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-17^(\[18\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward#cite_note-18
#history
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