Poor predicable France. Defeated by the Pike and Shot…
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Poor predicable France. Defeated by the Pike and Shot counter.
Context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle\_of\_Cerignola https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola
The **Battle of Cerignola** was fought on 28 April 1503 between Spanish https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empire and French https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_France armies outside the town of Cerignola https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerignola , Apulia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apulia , Kingdom of Naples https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples (now in modern-day Italy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy ), approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Bari https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bari.^(\[4\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-4 The Spanish force under the command of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo_Fernández_de_Córdoba (*El Gran Capitán*) comprising around 9,000 men, including 2,000 *Landsknecht* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht pikemen https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike_(weapon ), 1,000 arquebusiers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquebus and 20 cannons https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon , defeated the French force of 9,000 men, mainly gendarme https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gendarme_(historical ) heavy cavalry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_cavalry and Swiss mercenary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_mercenaries pikemen, with about 40 cannons, led by Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_d'Armagnac,_Duke_of_Nemours , who was killed during the battle.
Cerignola was probably the first European battle to be won by small firearms https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearm , as the attacks by the French cavalry and Swiss pikemen were shattered by the fire of Spanish arquebusiers.^(\[5\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher202081-5^(\[6\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-FOOTNOTELanning2005230-6 It also demonstrated the renewed value of fortifications https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortification , with Córdoba employing a defensive ditch https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditch_(fortification ) to maximize the effect of his battleplan.^(\[7\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack199649-50-7 Military historian and British Field Marshal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom ) Bernard Montgomery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery described it as the turning point where infantry finally displaced cavalry on the battlefield: "Gonzalo de Córdoba had raised the infantry soldier armed with a handgun to the status of the most important fighting man on the battlefield - a status he was to retain for over 400 years".^(\[8\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontgomery1983219-8
The battle began with two charges by the French heavy cavalry against the centre of the Spanish army, but these were both repulsed by intense Spanish artillery and arquebus fire. The next assault tried to force the Spanish right flank, but many of the French cavalrymen fell into the Spanish ditch and the attack was again thrown back by a storm of fire from the Spanish arquebusiers. One of those killed by the arquebus volleys was Nemours, making him possibly the first European general killed in action by small-arms fire.^(\)[*^(citation needed)* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed^(\ ])
With the Swiss commander, Chandieu, taking charge, the Swiss pikemen attacked with the cavalry instead of waiting for the arrival of the French rearguard https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rearguard and artillery under Yves d'Alègre. Seeing the imminent French infantry assault upon his center, Córdoba withdrew the arquebusiers to the flanks and the Landsknecht pikemen under von Ravenstein took their place behind the ditch. The Swiss formations, joined by the Gascon infantry, were unable to break into the defensive positions. Held by the Landsknechts in the front, fired into their flanks by the arquebusiers and harassed by the Spanish light cavalry, the Swiss and French were again driven back with heavy casualties, including Chandieu.
Fernández de Córdoba then launched a counterattack by the Spanish and German infantry and the reserve of heavy Spanish cavalry. Mounted arquebusiers surrounded and routed the remaining French gendarmes, although the Swiss pikemen managed to retreat in a relatively organized fashion.^(\[10\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-Tafiłowski-10 Upon witnessing the defeat of both the gendarmes and the Swiss, d'Alègre directed a withdrawal. He was pursued by the victorious Spanish jinetes.^(\[10\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-Tafiłowski-10
#history
Context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle\_of\_Cerignola https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola
The **Battle of Cerignola** was fought on 28 April 1503 between Spanish https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empire and French https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_France armies outside the town of Cerignola https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerignola , Apulia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apulia , Kingdom of Naples https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples (now in modern-day Italy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy ), approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Bari https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bari.^(\[4\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-4 The Spanish force under the command of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo_Fernández_de_Córdoba (*El Gran Capitán*) comprising around 9,000 men, including 2,000 *Landsknecht* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsknecht pikemen https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike_(weapon ), 1,000 arquebusiers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquebus and 20 cannons https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon , defeated the French force of 9,000 men, mainly gendarme https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gendarme_(historical ) heavy cavalry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_cavalry and Swiss mercenary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_mercenaries pikemen, with about 40 cannons, led by Louis d'Armagnac, Duke of Nemours https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_d'Armagnac,_Duke_of_Nemours , who was killed during the battle.
Cerignola was probably the first European battle to be won by small firearms https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearm , as the attacks by the French cavalry and Swiss pikemen were shattered by the fire of Spanish arquebusiers.^(\[5\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher202081-5^(\[6\ ]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-FOOTNOTELanning2005230-6 It also demonstrated the renewed value of fortifications https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortification , with Córdoba employing a defensive ditch https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditch_(fortification ) to maximize the effect of his battleplan.^(\[7\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlack199649-50-7 Military historian and British Field Marshal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom ) Bernard Montgomery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Montgomery described it as the turning point where infantry finally displaced cavalry on the battlefield: "Gonzalo de Córdoba had raised the infantry soldier armed with a handgun to the status of the most important fighting man on the battlefield - a status he was to retain for over 400 years".^(\[8\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontgomery1983219-8
The battle began with two charges by the French heavy cavalry against the centre of the Spanish army, but these were both repulsed by intense Spanish artillery and arquebus fire. The next assault tried to force the Spanish right flank, but many of the French cavalrymen fell into the Spanish ditch and the attack was again thrown back by a storm of fire from the Spanish arquebusiers. One of those killed by the arquebus volleys was Nemours, making him possibly the first European general killed in action by small-arms fire.^(\)[*^(citation needed)* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed^(\ ])
With the Swiss commander, Chandieu, taking charge, the Swiss pikemen attacked with the cavalry instead of waiting for the arrival of the French rearguard https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rearguard and artillery under Yves d'Alègre. Seeing the imminent French infantry assault upon his center, Córdoba withdrew the arquebusiers to the flanks and the Landsknecht pikemen under von Ravenstein took their place behind the ditch. The Swiss formations, joined by the Gascon infantry, were unable to break into the defensive positions. Held by the Landsknechts in the front, fired into their flanks by the arquebusiers and harassed by the Spanish light cavalry, the Swiss and French were again driven back with heavy casualties, including Chandieu.
Fernández de Córdoba then launched a counterattack by the Spanish and German infantry and the reserve of heavy Spanish cavalry. Mounted arquebusiers surrounded and routed the remaining French gendarmes, although the Swiss pikemen managed to retreat in a relatively organized fashion.^(\[10\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-Tafiłowski-10 Upon witnessing the defeat of both the gendarmes and the Swiss, d'Alègre directed a withdrawal. He was pursued by the victorious Spanish jinetes.^(\[10\]) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cerignola#cite_note-Tafiłowski-10
#history
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