"Though he was critical of slavery, Washington continued to use enslaved labor during his presidency. When the national capital moved to Philadelphia in 1790, Washington realized that the eight enslaved workers in his presidential household might take advantage of Pennsylvania’s emancipation law, which allowed the slaves of visitors to claim their freedom after six months’ residence in the state. Washington was especially concerned because most of the household’s enslaved staff were owned by the Custis estate. If they escaped, Washington would have to reimburse the value of the of the lost “property.”
To evade the statute, Washington sent the enslaved cook, waiters, and maids out of state every six months, instructing his secretary to move the slaves “in a way that will deceive both them and the public.”