Here in the eastern US, thunderstorms are a constant risk on summer afternoons. And small pours are often only possible in the afternoon, after the ready-mix companies have first taken care of their larger clients.
Wet concrete will obviously need a makeshift 'tent' over top of it; to keep the rain off, and to keep the plastic tarp from sticking to the concrete. But once the concrete has set up, you can put a plastic tarp directly on the surface to protect it from an impending thunderstorm.
Where is that dividing line? Can you tarp concrete the moment its been broom-finished, to keep a 2-inch/hour storm from eroding the surface? Or do you need to 'tent' it even then to keep that tarp from imprinting on the surface under the weight of the rainfall? #diy