**VENEZUELA'S MIGRANT EXODUS** From Maduro's election in 2013 to today, Venezuela has seen one of the largest displacement crises in modern history, with a massive exodus exploding from 2018 onwards, followed by a slowdown after 2023.
>\~7.8 million Venezuelans are currently displaced abroad according to UNHCR data.
Key periods: **2013-2018 → CRISIS BUILD-UP** Oil crash, GDP collapse, hyperinflation begins → foundations laid. **2018-2023 → MASS EXODUS** Hyperinflation peak, sanctions, repression, Maduro's re-election (disputed) → \~91% of the total increase in migrant stock happened here **2023-2025 → SLOWDOWN** Fewer new outflows, more returns, and host country regularization (formal recognition of migrants). #education source