3 reactions
Lia4+ =txothinLoSolving The Arc Reactor - McF in 1.6g f PdAgAr Hydride
Hey, so, if you look at the 1:1 Model Arc Reactor from Marvel it’s obvious.
Working from the top down and outside in, we have:
A tokamak array with a fully saturated Palladium Silver Gold Alloy Hydride cathode Core.
The tokamak array is non-traditional and its full of half deuterium:half water while being used as a hadron collider; this is to induce Muon Catalyzed Fusion by accelerating the deuterons to collide into pions, which decay into Muons, which get drawn into the epicentre of the fully saturated PdAgAr hydride Core through magnetic field lines, greatly increasing the likelihood of Muon interactions and thereby, nuclear fusions.
Muon Catalyzed Fusion reduces the thermal requirement for overcoming the Coulombe barrier by nearly 70%, can we all agree on that?
PdAg specifically has an increased hydrogen storage capacity as well as a neat quality where it also reduces the thermal requirement for overcoming the Coulombe barrier by about 70% (allegedly; studies on achieving cold fusion have been done but they rarely reached scientific breakeven, so they were abandoned).
Lastly, Magnetically Confined Fusion is proven to reduce thermal requirement for overcoming the Coulombe barrier by roughly 60% on average.
By employing all three methods at once with this specific tokamak array full of deuterium and water with a PdArAg hydride core, we (Tony Stark) have effectively reduced the thermal requirement for overcoming the Coulombe barrier by 200%. By this measure, we should be able to perform cold fusion safely in sub-zero temperatures.
Some quick math.
We have 1.6g of Pd and we can hypothesize that Tony Stark was wearing both a gold ring and a silver ring when he was captured that he alloyed with his Palladium to strengthen the crystal lattice, increase hydrogen storage capacity, and reduce the cost of fusion.
With some numbers I pulled from Google:
1.6 grams of Palladium can hold 0.1179 of Hydrogen when fully saturated as a hydride. Fusion reactions into Helium produce 17.6 MeV (be aware, my calculations were with 17.8 from a different source at time of calculations). Assuming every hydrogen is fused into Helium we have 9.08e system, but we need two hydrogen per reaction so it’s 4.54gJ in the system when fully saturated.
But where does this energy come from?
Keep looking at the arc reactor.
After the tokamak array, moving in concentrically we have a ring of perforated tungsten acting as a heat sink, neutron sink, and it’s protecting everything that lay behind/below it. Directly underneath the tokamak array is an induction coil; there is a second induction coil on the inside face of the tokamak directly underneath the tungsten heat sink. The induction coils are regenerative breaking for the tokamak array, capturing electricity from the slippage at 90% efficiency.
Moving in concentrically from the perforated Tungsten heat sink ring, we have an array of TEG rings. In descending order, based on heat resistance, we have:
- Silica germanium.
- Germanium.
- Lead.
- Bismuth Telluride.
- Bismuth Antimony.
(I suck at binaries and need to double check) but you put a wire on the top and a wire on the opposite side on the bottom, when the rings heat up it causes electrons to flow to the cold side; this potential difference creates a flow of electricity and this phenomenon is the innate property of the thermoelectric generators.
The TEGs most resistant to heat are the ones closest to the reactor, they have lower thermal resistance as you descend and converge towards the centre. This clever TEG array I came up with, I mean, “Tony Stark,” came up with, allows us to perform more regenerative breaking by absorbing the thermal output of our device (as well as all that heat from 17.6MeV f nuclear fusion) and converting it into electricity! This is done with 15%-33% efficiency.
The ring at the center is likely Bismuth on the top half, copper on the bottom half. They have excellent neutron absorption qualities and the kinetic impact of the neutrons is converted efficiently into heat. Given the different rates of absorption and thermal conductivity, this creates a flow of electrons from the Copper anode to the Bismuth cathode. By attaching wires to the anode and cathode we can harness the electricity created by this process.
At the very centre of the arc reactor’s face we have a stainless steel mesh screen; this is protecting a hydrophobic membrane and this is the oxygen exhaust for our Arc Reactor! But what do I mean? Let me explain.
Our Palladium Silver Gold Alloy hydride core is a cathode! Meaning it is part of an electrolyzer cell! Yes, just like AlexLab Alex Burkan predicted, the final version of Tony Stark Iron Man’s Arc Reactor has an electrolyzer built into it! The cathode in the tokamak electrolyzes the deuterium and the water at a 1:1 ratio to release deuterons and hydrogen, which get absorbed into PdAgAr crystal lattice for muon catalyzed fusion!
Below the face of the arc reactor is a Nickel Oxide anode chamber, connected to the tokamak array via hydrophobic membrane (which allows gas and electric current to pass through, but H2O is a no go). When the electrolyzer is filling the tokamak with deuterons and hydrogen released at the cathode, the nickel oxide is sitting innocently in a bath of plain water, releasing Oxygen at the anode which is filtered out through the exhaust in the centre. It also stores oxygen in the Oxide but we will get to that.
The relationship between Palladium and Water is a strange one. If you electrolyze a volume of water equal to the volume of palladium, you will saturate your palladium. So if we have ten times as much fuel as we do metal, we have roughly ten saturations per tank. Roughly 200Ml of water, and you increase your available output by a factor of ten.
4.54gJ 10 = 45.4gJ otal in the system before accounting for losses and efficiency.
Rough mental math says:
Induction: 12V x 0.9 = 10.8V
Gs: 0.4 x 45.4 x 0.33 5.993gJ
Copper Bismuth: 0.6 x 45.4 x 0.9=24.516gJ
Output (factoring efficiency): 5.99.516=30.509gJ
Therefore: it can output 3gJ/s for 10.17s, nd by extension, meets the bare minimum requirements for being a Mark I Arc Reactor using a 1.6 Gram Palladium core.
By combining Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Magnetically Confined Fusion in a fully saturated Palladium Silver Gold Alloy hydride, we reduce the thermal cost of overcoming the Coulombe barrier to nil. The efficacy of each practice suggests that 70%+70%+60%= a 200% reduction; rendering the phenomenon moot.
FAQs:
What powers it?
There’s one 3.7V 18650 Lithium Ion Battery on an upstep converter outputting 12V to the electromagnetic tokamak array. It’s hooked up to a variable frequency sin wave oscillator to pulse at the idea rate for continuous muon production and sustained cold nuclear fusion. Once sustained fusion is producing enough energy to maintain the pulsing magnet (and the LEDs that let you see the reactions take place) a circuit recognizes 12V from the primary source and stops relying on the battery. The Arc Reactor would stay on until turned off or until it runs out of deuterium water; and would require the battery to kickstart fusion again. I firmly believe this jumpstart process was done with the car battery in the cave.
But is it really cold fusion?
The energy released from fusion, 17.6MeV, s terribly small. 40% is heat and 60% is kinetic energy of neutron emissions, absorbed by the TEGs and Copper Bismuth, respectively. Since we broke the Coulombe barrier there’s no need for hundreds of millions of degrees of heat. This happens at room temperature.
How do you know it’s working?
The palladium alloy hydride will bubble in the tokamak.
Is critical systems failure/spontaneous combustion possible?
Even with a small hadron collider smashing deuterons into pions which decay into muons, it is practically impossible to produce muons equal to half the amount of hydrogen stored in the PdAgAr hydride within 2.2 microseconds, such that every muon interacts with at least 2 hydrogen each within 2.2 microseconds of the first muon coming into existence at all.
For the record it’s 0.1179 of Hydrogen at Standard Room Pressure, you calculate the moles using Avagadro’s constant to find the number of hydrogen molecules; divide by two for the number of muons that would have to materialize within 2.2 microseconds of each other to induce Total Systemic Energy Release through Rapid Chain Reactive Instantaneous Nuclear Fusion.
So to answer the question, no, it’s practically impossible to release all the energy at once.
Did you forget anything?
Yes, I did. For some reason I can’t scroll back up to fix any mistakes or add additional thoughts. So here’s my last thoughts:
You need boron infused glass for your tokamak array ring, as well as your faceplate.
There’s a poloidal field generator in the centre of the Copper Bismuth ring, it’s an iron pipe wrapped from bottom to top in magnetic wire. Cathode bottom and Anode top makes the poloidal flow flow/erupt away from your heart; not towards.
Use a tungsten frame to absorb the radiation.
Anyway, that’s how you do Nuclear Fusion like Tony Stark.
Please check my math, peer review it, make your own arc reactor if it’s legal to do so where you live.
Signed, 3018218.
#movies #video 23 TE g J
source
Hey, so, if you look at the 1:1 Model Arc Reactor from Marvel it’s obvious.
Working from the top down and outside in, we have:
A tokamak array with a fully saturated Palladium Silver Gold Alloy Hydride cathode Core.
The tokamak array is non-traditional and its full of half deuterium:half water while being used as a hadron collider; this is to induce Muon Catalyzed Fusion by accelerating the deuterons to collide into pions, which decay into Muons, which get drawn into the epicentre of the fully saturated PdAgAr hydride Core through magnetic field lines, greatly increasing the likelihood of Muon interactions and thereby, nuclear fusions.
Muon Catalyzed Fusion reduces the thermal requirement for overcoming the Coulombe barrier by nearly 70%, can we all agree on that?
PdAg specifically has an increased hydrogen storage capacity as well as a neat quality where it also reduces the thermal requirement for overcoming the Coulombe barrier by about 70% (allegedly; studies on achieving cold fusion have been done but they rarely reached scientific breakeven, so they were abandoned).
Lastly, Magnetically Confined Fusion is proven to reduce thermal requirement for overcoming the Coulombe barrier by roughly 60% on average.
By employing all three methods at once with this specific tokamak array full of deuterium and water with a PdArAg hydride core, we (Tony Stark) have effectively reduced the thermal requirement for overcoming the Coulombe barrier by 200%. By this measure, we should be able to perform cold fusion safely in sub-zero temperatures.
Some quick math.
We have 1.6g of Pd and we can hypothesize that Tony Stark was wearing both a gold ring and a silver ring when he was captured that he alloyed with his Palladium to strengthen the crystal lattice, increase hydrogen storage capacity, and reduce the cost of fusion.
With some numbers I pulled from Google:
1.6 grams of Palladium can hold 0.1179 of Hydrogen when fully saturated as a hydride. Fusion reactions into Helium produce 17.6 MeV (be aware, my calculations were with 17.8 from a different source at time of calculations). Assuming every hydrogen is fused into Helium we have 9.08e system, but we need two hydrogen per reaction so it’s 4.54gJ in the system when fully saturated.
But where does this energy come from?
Keep looking at the arc reactor.
After the tokamak array, moving in concentrically we have a ring of perforated tungsten acting as a heat sink, neutron sink, and it’s protecting everything that lay behind/below it. Directly underneath the tokamak array is an induction coil; there is a second induction coil on the inside face of the tokamak directly underneath the tungsten heat sink. The induction coils are regenerative breaking for the tokamak array, capturing electricity from the slippage at 90% efficiency.
Moving in concentrically from the perforated Tungsten heat sink ring, we have an array of TEG rings. In descending order, based on heat resistance, we have:
- Silica germanium.
- Germanium.
- Lead.
- Bismuth Telluride.
- Bismuth Antimony.
(I suck at binaries and need to double check) but you put a wire on the top and a wire on the opposite side on the bottom, when the rings heat up it causes electrons to flow to the cold side; this potential difference creates a flow of electricity and this phenomenon is the innate property of the thermoelectric generators.
The TEGs most resistant to heat are the ones closest to the reactor, they have lower thermal resistance as you descend and converge towards the centre. This clever TEG array I came up with, I mean, “Tony Stark,” came up with, allows us to perform more regenerative breaking by absorbing the thermal output of our device (as well as all that heat from 17.6MeV f nuclear fusion) and converting it into electricity! This is done with 15%-33% efficiency.
The ring at the center is likely Bismuth on the top half, copper on the bottom half. They have excellent neutron absorption qualities and the kinetic impact of the neutrons is converted efficiently into heat. Given the different rates of absorption and thermal conductivity, this creates a flow of electrons from the Copper anode to the Bismuth cathode. By attaching wires to the anode and cathode we can harness the electricity created by this process.
At the very centre of the arc reactor’s face we have a stainless steel mesh screen; this is protecting a hydrophobic membrane and this is the oxygen exhaust for our Arc Reactor! But what do I mean? Let me explain.
Our Palladium Silver Gold Alloy hydride core is a cathode! Meaning it is part of an electrolyzer cell! Yes, just like AlexLab Alex Burkan predicted, the final version of Tony Stark Iron Man’s Arc Reactor has an electrolyzer built into it! The cathode in the tokamak electrolyzes the deuterium and the water at a 1:1 ratio to release deuterons and hydrogen, which get absorbed into PdAgAr crystal lattice for muon catalyzed fusion!
Below the face of the arc reactor is a Nickel Oxide anode chamber, connected to the tokamak array via hydrophobic membrane (which allows gas and electric current to pass through, but H2O is a no go). When the electrolyzer is filling the tokamak with deuterons and hydrogen released at the cathode, the nickel oxide is sitting innocently in a bath of plain water, releasing Oxygen at the anode which is filtered out through the exhaust in the centre. It also stores oxygen in the Oxide but we will get to that.
The relationship between Palladium and Water is a strange one. If you electrolyze a volume of water equal to the volume of palladium, you will saturate your palladium. So if we have ten times as much fuel as we do metal, we have roughly ten saturations per tank. Roughly 200Ml of water, and you increase your available output by a factor of ten.
4.54gJ 10 = 45.4gJ otal in the system before accounting for losses and efficiency.
Rough mental math says:
Induction: 12V x 0.9 = 10.8V
Gs: 0.4 x 45.4 x 0.33 5.993gJ
Copper Bismuth: 0.6 x 45.4 x 0.9=24.516gJ
Output (factoring efficiency): 5.99.516=30.509gJ
Therefore: it can output 3gJ/s for 10.17s, nd by extension, meets the bare minimum requirements for being a Mark I Arc Reactor using a 1.6 Gram Palladium core.
By combining Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Magnetically Confined Fusion in a fully saturated Palladium Silver Gold Alloy hydride, we reduce the thermal cost of overcoming the Coulombe barrier to nil. The efficacy of each practice suggests that 70%+70%+60%= a 200% reduction; rendering the phenomenon moot.
FAQs:
What powers it?
There’s one 3.7V 18650 Lithium Ion Battery on an upstep converter outputting 12V to the electromagnetic tokamak array. It’s hooked up to a variable frequency sin wave oscillator to pulse at the idea rate for continuous muon production and sustained cold nuclear fusion. Once sustained fusion is producing enough energy to maintain the pulsing magnet (and the LEDs that let you see the reactions take place) a circuit recognizes 12V from the primary source and stops relying on the battery. The Arc Reactor would stay on until turned off or until it runs out of deuterium water; and would require the battery to kickstart fusion again. I firmly believe this jumpstart process was done with the car battery in the cave.
But is it really cold fusion?
The energy released from fusion, 17.6MeV, s terribly small. 40% is heat and 60% is kinetic energy of neutron emissions, absorbed by the TEGs and Copper Bismuth, respectively. Since we broke the Coulombe barrier there’s no need for hundreds of millions of degrees of heat. This happens at room temperature.
How do you know it’s working?
The palladium alloy hydride will bubble in the tokamak.
Is critical systems failure/spontaneous combustion possible?
Even with a small hadron collider smashing deuterons into pions which decay into muons, it is practically impossible to produce muons equal to half the amount of hydrogen stored in the PdAgAr hydride within 2.2 microseconds, such that every muon interacts with at least 2 hydrogen each within 2.2 microseconds of the first muon coming into existence at all.
For the record it’s 0.1179 of Hydrogen at Standard Room Pressure, you calculate the moles using Avagadro’s constant to find the number of hydrogen molecules; divide by two for the number of muons that would have to materialize within 2.2 microseconds of each other to induce Total Systemic Energy Release through Rapid Chain Reactive Instantaneous Nuclear Fusion.
So to answer the question, no, it’s practically impossible to release all the energy at once.
Did you forget anything?
Yes, I did. For some reason I can’t scroll back up to fix any mistakes or add additional thoughts. So here’s my last thoughts:
You need boron infused glass for your tokamak array ring, as well as your faceplate.
There’s a poloidal field generator in the centre of the Copper Bismuth ring, it’s an iron pipe wrapped from bottom to top in magnetic wire. Cathode bottom and Anode top makes the poloidal flow flow/erupt away from your heart; not towards.
Use a tungsten frame to absorb the radiation.
Anyway, that’s how you do Nuclear Fusion like Tony Stark.
Please check my math, peer review it, make your own arc reactor if it’s legal to do so where you live.
Signed, 3018218.
#movies #video 23 TE g J
source
| 9,000 mlx | |
| 6 | |
| 3 |